Using Swedish genetic resources

Guidance on what you need to do to be able to utilize genetic resources originating in Sweden.

Guidance

Target group 

  • Those who wish to use Swedish genetic resources for research and/or product development.

Sweden has no specific legislation governing access to Swedish genetic resources. This means that users do not need informed consents and agreements under the Nagoya Protocol in order to utilise Swedish genetic resources.

However, there is legislation that restricts or prohibits all utilisation of some species in Sweden.

Before you utilise a Swedish genetic resource

It is prohibited to collect certain species of plants and animals if they are protected by law or in other ways.

Check the legislation applicable to the particular species from which the genetic resource will be accessed. One such piece of legislation that you should check is Sweden's Artskyddsförordning (2007:845) (the Swedish Species Protection Ordinance).

If you want to conduct research or ex-situ conservation in Sweden on an invasive alien species, you may need a permit.

The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for invasive alien species living on land and the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management for invasive alien species living in water.

If you want to use a species covered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), you might also need apply for a CITES permit. In the EU, CITES is implemented through Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97.

If the resource is found outside protected areas

Almost all plant and animal species as well as fungi and other organisms in Sweden that are found outside protected areas such as nature reserves and national parks can be used with only the permission of the landowner, or under Sweden’s right of access to private land (allemansrätten).

You can utilise a genetic resource without the landowner’s permission if it is obvious that the resource has no economic value for the landowner and your utilisation does not cause any harm to the landowner.

If the resource is found in a protected site

You may need an exemption or permit under Sweden’s Environmental Code from the county administrative board, or in some instances the municipality, if the genetic resource is found in a nature reserve or a national park.

Contacts

Laws/Regulations

Definitions

Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the definitions of the Convention and the Nagoya Protocol as well as the following definitions apply:

  • access  means the acquisition of genetic resources or of traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources in a Party to the Nagoya Protocol
  • association of users  means an organisation, established in accordance with the requirements of the Member State in which it is located, that represents the interests of users and that is involved in developing and overseeing the best practices referred to in Article 8 of this Regulation
  • collection means a set of collected samples of genetic resources and related information that is accumulated and stored, whether held by public or private entities
  • genetic material  means any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin containing functional units of heredity
  • genetic resources  means genetic material of actual or potential value
  • illegally accessed genetic resources  means genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources which were not accessed in accordance with the national access and benefit-sharing legislation or regulatory requirements of the provider country that is a Party to the Nagoya Protocol requiring prior informed consent
  • internationally recognised certificate of compliance means a permit or its equivalent issued at the time of access as evidence that the genetic resource it covers has been accessed in accordance with the decision to grant prior informed consent, and that mutually agreed terms have been established for the user and the utilisation specified therein by a competent authority in accordance with Article 6(3)(e) and Article 13(2) of the Nagoya Protocol, that is made available to the Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing House established under Article 14(1) of that Protocol
  • traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources  means traditional knowledge held by an indigenous or local community that is relevant for the utilisation of genetic resources and that is as such described in the mutually agreed terms applying to the utilisation of genetic resources
  • user means a natural or legal person that utilises genetic resources or traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources
  • utilisation of genetic resources  means to conduct research and development on the genetic and/or biochemical composition of genetic resources, including through the application of biotechnology as defined in Article 2 of the Convention
  • prior informed consent (PIC) a permit or an equivalent document that has been issued at the time of access as proof of the compliance of applicable laws and regulations
  • mutually agreed terms (MAT): a contract between a provider of genetic resources or associated traditional knowledge and a user, within which the obligations are described that ensures that any potential benefit is shared fairly and equitably. Additional requirements may exist for subsequent users or at the time of product release to market

Background

Background

The aims of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. At the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2010, the Nagoya Protocol governing access to genetic resources and fair and equitable sharing of their use was adopted.

In the EU, the Nagoya Protocol is implemented by Regulation (EU) No 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on compliance measures for users from the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization in the Union (also called the ABS Regulation).

This Regulation entered into force in October 2014. On 12 October 2015, one year after its entry into force, the Regulation’s provisions on the obligations of users of genetic resources began to apply within the EU.

Sweden ratified the Nagoya Protocol September the 6, 2016 and became a full member on December 7, 2016. Since the 1 of October there is an ordinance in Sweden on the use of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge (SFS 2016: 858). The ordinance provide provisions and obligations in Sweden in regards to the Nagoya protocol and the EU ABS legislation.

Implementation of the ABS Regulation in Sweden

In February 2015, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency was given the commission by the Government of Sweden to prepare for the implementation of the EU Regulation 511/2014 (ABS Regulation) on the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol. A report on this commission was presented on 31 March 2016.

In January 2016 the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency was appointed as the single authority i.e. the only competent authority in Sweden, CNA. It is the responsibility of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency to review and check due diligence declarations of users. For more information on what it means see the text under the heading Declaring due diligence, on the webbpage "Using genetic resources from other countries". The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency is also responsible for verifying applications for registration of collections and making regular checks on these.